The Santa Cruz River - A Riparian Ecosystem (Courtesy Sonoran Institute)

What are Riparian Ecosystems? Riparian ecosystems are made up of the plants and animals living along lakes, rivers, and streams, and the soil, air and water that support them.  Here in the arid Southwest, riparian ecosystems are easy to spot, since the differences in water availability between river bottoms and the surrounding uplands frequently produce dramatic changes in plant communities.  It is often possible to stand near a river or wash and touch a broadleaf riparian tree (like a cottonwood or sycamore) with one hand, and a saguaro cactus with the other.

Why are Riparian Ecosystems Important? Riparian areas provide many benefits to both humans and animals.  They enhance ground-water recharge, improve water quality by filtering runoff, provide critical habitat for many wildlife species, prevent widespread erosion by stabilizing soil, and offer opportunities for hiking, horseback riding, birding and other recreational activities.

Is Riparian Conservation Needed? Riparian ecosystems are in trouble in many parts of Arizona.  Along the Santa Cruz River the combined effects of groundwater pumping, flood control measures, water diversions and other human activities have completely destroyed the cottonwood and willow trees that used to thrive along portions of this river.  Unfortunately, such dramatic decline can be seen along many other rivers in the Southwest.

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